Contents

Utilities Functions

Utilities Functions

utils.py classes, methods, and modules

ogcore.utils

class ogcore.utils.Inequality(dist, pop_weights, ability_weights, S, J)[source]

A class with methods to compute different measures of inequality.

gini(type='overall')[source]

Compute the Gini coefficient

Parameters

None –

Returns

Gini coefficient

Return type

gini_coeff (scalar)

pct(pct)[source]

Returns value at given percentile

Parameters

pct1 (scalar) – percentile to compute the value at, in (0, 1).

Returns

value of variable at pct

Return type

value (scalar)

ratio_pct1_pct2(pct1, pct2)[source]

Compute the pct1/pct2 percentile ratio

Parameters

  • pct1 (scalar) – percentile to compute the top pctile% for, in (0, 1).

  • pct2 (scalar) – percentile to compute the top pctile% for, in (0, 1)

Returns

ratio of pct1 to pct2

Return type

pct_ratio (scalar)

Notes

usually pct1 > pct 2

var_of_logs()[source]

Compute the variance of logs

Parameters

None –

Returns

variance of logs

Return type

var_ln_dist (scalar)

ogcore.utils.comp_array(name, a, b, tol, unequal, exceptions={}, relative=False)[source]

Compare two arrays in the L inifinity norm Return True if | a - b | < tol, False otherwise If not equal, add items to the unequal list name: the name of the value being compared

Parameters

  • name (str) – name of variable being compared

  • a (array_like) – first array to compare

  • b (array_like) – second array to compare

  • tol (scalar) – tolerance used for comparison

  • unequal (dict) – dict of variables that are not equal

  • exceptions (dict) – exceptions

  • relative (bool) – whether comparison compares relative values

Returns

whether two arrays are the same or not

Return type

(bool)

ogcore.utils.comp_scalar(name, a, b, tol, unequal, exceptions={}, relative=False)[source]

Compare two scalars in the L inifinity norm Return True if abs(a - b) < tol, False otherwise If not equal, add items to the unequal list

Parameters

  • name (str) – name of variable being compared

  • a (scalar) – first scalar to compare

  • b (scalra) – second scalar to compare

  • tol (scalar) – tolerance used for comparison

  • unequal (list) – list of variables that are not equal

  • exceptions (dict) – exceptions

  • relative (bool) – whether comparison compares relative values

Returns

whether two arrays are the same or not

Return type

(bool)

ogcore.utils.convex_combo(var1, var2, nu)[source]

Takes the convex combination of two variables, where nu is in [0,1].

Parameters

  • var1 (array_like) – any shape, variable 1

  • var2 (array_like) – same shape as var1, variable 2

  • nu (scalar) – weight on var1 in convex combination, in [0, 1]

Returns

same shape as var1, convex combination of var1 and var2

Return type

combo (array_like)

ogcore.utils.dict_compare(name1, dict1, name2, dict2, tol, verbose=False, exceptions={}, relative=False)[source]

Compare two dictionaries. The values of each dict are either numpy arrays or else types that are comparable with the == operator. For arrays, they are considered the same if |x - y| < tol in the L_inf norm. For scalars, they are considered the same if x - y < tol.

Parameters

  • name1 (str) – name of dictionary 1

  • dict1 (dict) – first dictionary to compare

  • name2 (str) – name of dictionary 2

  • dict2 (dict) – second dictionary to compare

  • tol (scalar) – tolerance used for comparison

  • verbose (bool) – whether print messages

  • exceptions (dict) – exceptions

  • relative (bool) – whether comparison compares relative values

Returns

whether two dictionaries are the same or not

Return type

(bool)

ogcore.utils.fetch_files_from_web(file_urls)[source]

Fetches zip files from respective web addresses and saves them as temporary files. Prints progress bar as it downloads the files.

Parameters

file_urls (list of strings) – list of URLs of respective data zip files

Functions called:

print_progress()

Objects created within function:

local_paths = list, local paths for teporary files iteration = int, the number of files that have been downloaded total = total, the total number of files to download f = temporary file of monthly CPS survey path = string, local path for temporary file zipped_file = ZipFile object, opened zipfile

Files created by this function:

.dta file for each year of SCF data

Returns

local paths of temporary data

files

Return type

local_paths (list of strings)

ogcore.utils.get_initial_path(x1, xT, p, shape)[source]

This function generates a path from point x1 to point xT such that that the path x is a linear or quadratic function of time t.

  • linear: x = d*t + e

  • quadratic: x = a*t^2 + b*t + c

Parameters

  • x1 (scalar) – initial value of the function x(t) at t=0

  • xT (scalar) – value of the function x(t) at t=T-1

  • T (int) – number of periods of the path, must be >= 3

  • shape (str) – shape of guess for time path, “linear”, “ratio”, or “quadratic”

Returns

guess of variable over the time path

Return type

xpath (Numpy array)

Notes

The identifying assumptions for quadratic are the following:

  1. x1 is the value at time `t=0: x1 = c

  2. xT is the value at time t=T-1: xT = a*(T-1)^2 + b*(T-1) + c

  3. the slope of the path at t=T-1 is 0: 0 = 2*a*(T-1) + b`

ogcore.utils.mkdirs(path)[source]

Makes directories to save output.

Parameters

path (str) – path name for new directory

Returns

None

ogcore.utils.not_connected(url='http://www.google.com/', timeout=5)[source]

Checks for internet connection status of machine.

Parameters

  • url (string) – url used to check connectivity

  • timeout (float>0) – time to wait for timeout

Functions called: None

Returns

=True if connection was made within timeout

Return type

Boolean singleton

Raises

ConnectionError – If no response from url withing timeout

ogcore.utils.pct_diff_func(simul, data)[source]

Used to calculate the absolute percent difference between data moments and model moments.

Parameters

  • simul (array_like) – any shape, model moments

  • data (array_like) – same shape as simul, data moments

Functions called: None

Returns

percentage differences between model and

data moments

Return type

output (array_like)

ogcore.utils.pickle_file_compare(fname1, fname2, tol=0.001, exceptions={}, relative=False)[source]

Read two pickle files and unpickle each. We assume that each resulting object is a dictionary. The values of each dict are either numpy arrays or else types that are comparable with the == operator.

Parameters

  • fname1 (str) – file name of file 1

  • fname2 (str) – file name of file 2

  • tol (scalar) – tolerance

  • exceptions (dict) – exceptions

  • relative (bool) – whether comparison compares relative values

Returns

whether therea two dictionaries are the same

Return type

comparison (bool)

ogcore.utils.print_progress(iteration, total, source_name='', prefix='Progress:', suffix='Complete', decimals=1, bar_length=50)[source]

Prints a progress bar to the terminal when completing small tasks of a larger job.

Parameters

  • iteration (int>=1) – which task the job is currently doing

  • total (int>=1) – how many tasks are in the job

  • source_name (string) – name of source data

  • prefix (string) – what to print before the progress bar

  • suffix (string) – what to print after the progress bar

  • decimals (int>=0) – how many decimals in the percentage

  • bar_length (int>=3) – how many boxes in the progress bar

Functions called: None

Objects created within function:

status (string): status of download str_format (string): string containing percentage completed percents (string): percentage completed filled_length (int): number of boxes in the progress bar to fill bar (string): progress bar

Returns: status

ogcore.utils.rate_conversion(annual_rate, start_age, end_age, S)[source]

This function converts annual rates to model period ratesself.

Parameters

  • annual_rate (array_like) – annualized rates

  • start_age (int) – age at which agents become economically active

  • end_age (int) – maximum age of agents

  • S (int) – number of model periods in agents life

Returns

model period rates

Return type

rate (array_like)

ogcore.utils.read_file(path, fname)[source]

Read the contents of ‘path’. If it does not exist, assume the file is installed in a .egg file, and adjust accordingly.

Parameters

  • path (str) – path name for new directory

  • fname (str) – filename

Returns

file contents (str)

ogcore.utils.safe_read_pickle(file_path)[source]

This function reads a pickle from Python 2 into Python 2 or Python 3

Parameters

file_path (str) – path to pickle file

Returns

object saved in pickle file

Return type

obj (object)

ogcore.utils.save_return_table(table_df, output_type, path, precision=2)[source]

Function to save or return a table of data.

Parameters

  • table_df (Pandas DataFrame) – table

  • output_type (string) – specifies the type of file to save table to: ‘csv’, ‘tex’, ‘excel’, ‘json’

  • path (string) – specifies path to save file with table to

  • precision (integer) – number of significant digits to print. Defaults to 0.

Returns

table

Return type

table_df (Pandas DataFrame)

ogcore.utils.to_timepath_shape(some_array)[source]

This function takes an vector of length T and tiles it to fill a Tx1x1 array for time path computations.

Parameters

some_array (Numpy array) – array to reshape

Returns

reshaped array

Return type

tp_array (Numpy array)

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Tax Function Estimation Functions

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Wealth Functions